{"id":1923,"date":"2020-07-13T16:16:36","date_gmt":"2020-07-13T16:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/?p=1923"},"modified":"2021-05-22T19:33:25","modified_gmt":"2021-05-22T19:33:25","slug":"forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/","title":{"rendered":"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Publication date:<\/strong> 13\/07\/2020 &#8211;  <strong>E&amp;P Code:<\/strong>  <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/1923\" target=\"_blank\">repo.epiprev.it\/1923<\/a>   <br><strong>Authors:<\/strong> Fabrizio Nicastro<sup>1<\/sup>, Giorgia Sironi<sup>2<\/sup>, Elio Antonello<sup>2<\/sup>, Andrea Bianco<sup>2<\/sup>, Mara Biasin<sup>3<\/sup>, John R. Brucato<sup>4<\/sup>, Ilaria Ermolli<sup>1<\/sup>, Giovanni Pareschi<sup>2<\/sup>, Marta Salvati<sup>5<\/sup>, Paolo Tozzi<sup>4<\/sup>, Daria Trabattoni<sup>3<\/sup>, Mario Clerici<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>: Seasonality of acute viral respiratory diseases is a well-known and yet not fully understood phenomenon. Several models have been proposed to explain the regularity of yearly recurring outbreaks and the phase-differences observed at different latitudes on Earth. Such models take into account known internal causes, primarily the periodic emergence of new virus variants that evade the host immune response. Yet, this alone, is generally unable to explain the regularity of recurrences and the observed phase-differences. Here we show that seasonality of viral respiratory diseases, as well as its distribution with latitude on Earth, can be fully explained by the virucidal properties of UV-B and A Solar photons through a daily, minute-scale, resonant forcing mechanism. Such an induced periodicity can last, virtually unperturbed, from tens to hundreds of cycles, and even in presence of internal dynamics (host\u2019s loss of immunity) much slower than seasonal will, on a long period, generate seasonal oscillations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Cite as<\/strong>: Fabrizio Nicastro, Giorgia Sironi, Elio Antonello et. al. (2020). Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance. E&P Repository <a href='https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/1923'>https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/1923<\/a><button title=\"Copia citazione\" id=\"copyTextCite\"><span class=\"far fa-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Topic<\/strong>: <a href='\/index.php\/category\/COVID-19'>COVID-19<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Key words<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/covid-19\/\" rel=\"tag\">COVID-19<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/risonanza-solare\/\" rel=\"tag\">risonanza solare<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/stagionalita\/\" rel=\"tag\">stagionalit\u00e0<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/uv\/\" rel=\"tag\">UV<\/a>, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>AVVERTENZA. GLI ARTICOLI PRESENTI NEL REPOSITORY NON SONO SOTTOPOSTI A PEER REVIEW.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: Default Template -->\n\n\n<div class=\"link-template-default card mb-2\">\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"media stack-xs\">\n            <div class=\"media-body\">\n                <div class=\"media\">\n                    <div class=\"mr-3 img-48\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wpdm_icon\" alt=\"Icona\" src=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/pdf.svg\" onError='this.src=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/unknown.svg\";' \/><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"media-body\">\n                        <h3 class=\"package-title\"><a href='https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/download\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/'>Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance<\/a><\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"text-muted text-small\"><i class=\"fas fa-file-download\"><\/i> 40 Download <i class=\"fas fa-hdd ml-3\"><\/i> 3.83 MB<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ml-3 wpdmdl-btn\">\n                <a class='wpdm-download-link btn btn-primary ' rel='nofollow' href='#' onclick=\"location.href='https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/download\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/?wpdmdl=1921&refresh=69e3196b155731776490859';return false;\">Download<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Info<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Affiliations<\/strong>: <br><sup>1 <\/sup>talian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) \u2013 Rome Astronomical Observatory, Rome, Italy<br><sup>2<\/sup> Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) \u2013 Brera Astronomical Observatory, Milano\/Merate, Italy<br><sup>3<\/sup> Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milano, Milano, Italy<br>4 Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) \u2013 Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Firenze, Italy 5 Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Milano, Italy<br><sup>5<\/sup> Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Milano, Italy<br><sup>6<\/sup> Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano and Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milano, Italy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Authors&#8217; contributions: <\/strong>Same level of contribution for all authors<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Competing interests: <\/strong>None<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Funding disclosure:<\/strong> The work presented in this paper has been carried out in the context of the activities promoted by the Italian Government and in particular, by the Ministries of Health and of University and Research, against the COVID19 pandemic. A research grant from Falk Renewables partially supported this work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Ethics committee approval: <\/strong>The study was based on publicly available aggregate data. No Ethics committee approval was necessary. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Copyright<\/strong>:  Il detentore del copyright \u00e8 l\u2019autore\/finanziatore, che ha concesso a \u201cE&amp;P Repository\u201d una licenza per rendere pubblico questo preprint. The copyright holder for this preprint is the author\/funder, who has granted E&amp;P Repository a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Terms of distribution<\/strong>: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.it\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr \/><img src='https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg' alt=\"solar_pump\" class='attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image' \/><p class='has-small-font-size'>Figure 1 - The Solar Pump. Attenuation functions for the reproductive number Rt, due to the daily solar action. Each panel show solar attenuation curves for 36 Earth\u2019s latitudes between -90 and -25 degrees south (blue), -25 \u2013 +25 degrees (orange) and 25\u201390 degrees north (black) at the 15th day of each of the first 6 months of the year, as labeled. The plotted function is (1 \u2013 sin(\u03b1)), where \u03b1 is the solar height angle (complement to the Zenith angle: i.e. \u03b1=90 degrees at local noon) that depends on Earth\u2019s latitude \u03c6, sun\u2019s declination \u03b4, day of the year d and time of the day h<\/p><hr \/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size has-light-gray-background-color\"><strong>References &amp; Citations<\/strong><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance\" target=\"_blank\">Google Scholar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.repo.epiprev.it\/1923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Condividi su Facebook\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/icon_facebook.png\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https:\/\/www.repo.epiprev.it\/1923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Condividi su Twitter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/icon_twitter.png\"><\/a><a class=\"icon_whatsapp\" href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=https%3A%2F%2Frepo.epiprev.it\/1923&amp;attribution=AMPhtml&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Frepo.epiprev.it\/1923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Invia con WhatsApp\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/icon_whatsapp.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here we show that seasonality of viral respiratory diseases, as well as its distribution with latitude on Earth, can be fully explained by the virucidal properties of UV-B and A Solar photons through a daily, minute-scale, resonant forcing mechanism. Such an induced periodicity can last, virtually unperturbed, from tens to hundreds of cycles, and even in presence of internal dynamics (host&#8217;s loss of immunity) much slower than seasonal will, on a long period, generate seasonal oscillations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[16,139,138,113],"class_list":["post-1923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19","tag-covid-19","tag-risonanza-solare","tag-stagionalita","tag-uv"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance - E&amp;P Repository<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance - E&amp;P Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Here we show that seasonality of viral respiratory diseases, as well as its distribution with latitude on Earth, can be fully explained by the virucidal properties of UV-B and A Solar photons through a daily, minute-scale, resonant forcing mechanism. Such an induced periodicity can last, virtually unperturbed, from tens to hundreds of cycles, and even in presence of internal dynamics (host&#039;s loss of immunity) much slower than seasonal will, on a long period, generate seasonal oscillations.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"E&amp;P Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/epiprev\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-13T16:16:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-22T19:33:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"680\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"administrator\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scritto da\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"administrator\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo di lettura stimato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuti\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"administrator\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/person\/2a184e8c4e97508ef5111e78c8d0a59c\"},\"headline\":\"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-13T16:16:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-22T19:33:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/\"},\"wordCount\":461,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"COVID-19\",\"risonanza solare\",\"stagionalit\u00e0\",\"UV\"],\"articleSection\":[\"COVID-19\"],\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/\",\"name\":\"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance - E&amp;P Repository\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-13T16:16:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-22T19:33:25+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":680,\"caption\":\"Figure 1 - The Solar Pump. Attenuation functions for the reproductive number Rt, due to the daily solar action. Each panel show solar attenuation curves for 36 Earth\u2019s latitudes between -90 and -25 degrees south (blue), -25 \u2013 +25 degrees (orange) and 25\u201390 degrees north (black) at the 15th day of each of the first 6 months of the year, as labeled. The plotted function is (1 \u2013 sin(\u03b1)), where \u03b1 is the solar height angle (complement to the Zenith angle: i.e. \u03b1=90 degrees at local noon) that depends on Earth\u2019s latitude \u03c6, sun\u2019s declination \u03b4, day of the year d and time of the day h\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/\",\"name\":\"E&amp;P Repository\",\"description\":\"- RIVISTA DELL&#039;ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA DI EPIDEMIOLOGIA\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Rivista Epiprev\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"caption\":\"Rivista Epiprev\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/epiprev\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/person\/2a184e8c4e97508ef5111e78c8d0a59c\",\"name\":\"administrator\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ad25646debce6ba00e77ffa65a5e065aa33c5a21571725744bade4c95c9986a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ad25646debce6ba00e77ffa65a5e065aa33c5a21571725744bade4c95c9986a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"administrator\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance - E&amp;P Repository","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/","og_locale":"it_IT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance - E&amp;P Repository","og_description":"Here we show that seasonality of viral respiratory diseases, as well as its distribution with latitude on Earth, can be fully explained by the virucidal properties of UV-B and A Solar photons through a daily, minute-scale, resonant forcing mechanism. Such an induced periodicity can last, virtually unperturbed, from tens to hundreds of cycles, and even in presence of internal dynamics (host's loss of immunity) much slower than seasonal will, on a long period, generate seasonal oscillations.","og_url":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/","og_site_name":"E&amp;P Repository","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/epiprev\/","article_published_time":"2020-07-13T16:16:36+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-05-22T19:33:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":680,"url":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"administrator","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Scritto da":"administrator","Tempo di lettura stimato":"2 minuti"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/"},"author":{"name":"administrator","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/person\/2a184e8c4e97508ef5111e78c8d0a59c"},"headline":"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance","datePublished":"2020-07-13T16:16:36+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-22T19:33:25+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/"},"wordCount":461,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg","keywords":["COVID-19","risonanza solare","stagionalit\u00e0","UV"],"articleSection":["COVID-19"],"inLanguage":"it-IT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/","url":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/","name":"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance - E&amp;P Repository","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg","datePublished":"2020-07-13T16:16:36+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-22T19:33:25+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"it-IT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/solar_pump.jpg","width":1200,"height":680,"caption":"Figure 1 - The Solar Pump. Attenuation functions for the reproductive number Rt, due to the daily solar action. Each panel show solar attenuation curves for 36 Earth\u2019s latitudes between -90 and -25 degrees south (blue), -25 \u2013 +25 degrees (orange) and 25\u201390 degrees north (black) at the 15th day of each of the first 6 months of the year, as labeled. The plotted function is (1 \u2013 sin(\u03b1)), where \u03b1 is the solar height angle (complement to the Zenith angle: i.e. \u03b1=90 degrees at local noon) that depends on Earth\u2019s latitude \u03c6, sun\u2019s declination \u03b4, day of the year d and time of the day h"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/07\/13\/forcing-seasonality-of-influenza-like-epidemics-with-daily-solar-resonance\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Forcing Seasonality of influenza-like epidemics with daily Solar resonance"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#website","url":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/","name":"E&amp;P Repository","description":"- RIVISTA DELL&#039;ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA DI EPIDEMIOLOGIA","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"it-IT"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#organization","name":"Rivista Epiprev","url":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"","contentUrl":"","caption":"Rivista Epiprev"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/epiprev\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/person\/2a184e8c4e97508ef5111e78c8d0a59c","name":"administrator","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ad25646debce6ba00e77ffa65a5e065aa33c5a21571725744bade4c95c9986a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ad25646debce6ba00e77ffa65a5e065aa33c5a21571725744bade4c95c9986a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"administrator"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1923"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2446,"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1923\/revisions\/2446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}