{"id":688,"date":"2020-04-02T14:39:54","date_gmt":"2020-04-02T14:39:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/?p=688"},"modified":"2020-05-05T14:08:03","modified_gmt":"2020-05-05T14:08:03","slug":"potential-effects-of-airborne-particulate-matter-on-spreading-pathophysiology-and-prognosis-of-a-viral-respiratory-infection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/04\/02\/potential-effects-of-airborne-particulate-matter-on-spreading-pathophysiology-and-prognosis-of-a-viral-respiratory-infection\/","title":{"rendered":"Potential effects of airborne particulate matter on spreading, pathophysiology and prognosis of a viral respiratory infection"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Publication date:<\/strong> 02\/04\/2020 &#8211;  <strong>E&amp;P Code:<\/strong>  <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/688\" target=\"_blank\">repo.epiprev.it\/688<\/a>   <br><strong>Authors:<\/strong> Simona Re<sup>1<\/sup>, Angelo Facchini<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. Scientific studies show evidence of a correlation between air pollution levels and respiratory diseases, with a possible increase in the morbidity of respiratory viral infections. However, following the outbreak of Covid-19, the possible effects of the PM (particulate matter) concentrations on the susceptability and pollution-mediated effects are not scientifically demonstrated yet.<br>In order to shed light on this topic, we performed a narrative review of the scientific literature upon the potential effects of PM on spreading, pathophysiology and prognosis of viral respiratory infections related to Covid-19. <br>We discuss four hypotheses: 1) how can air pollutants affect the prognosis of respiratory infectious diseases; 2) how can the interaction between air pollutants and pathogens increase the infectious potential of respiratory pathogens; 3) how can air pollutants foster the infectious potential of respiratory pathogens by veiculating them; 4) how can air pollutants worsen the respiratory co-infections by increasing antibiotic resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Based on a review of the scientific literature, hypothesis 1 and 2 appear to be more robust. Given the general faucity of evidences, hypothesis 3 could deserve futher investigations. Hypothesis 4 is less solid but may raise some new important questions of global and local health concern. <br>In general, further data-driven investigation is needed in order to better highlight the possible connections between airborne PM and viral respiratory infections, with the aim to develop effective Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures, and more accurate air quality policies for human health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Topic<\/strong>: <a href='\/index.php\/category\/COVID-19'>COVID-19<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Key words<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/air\/\" rel=\"tag\">aria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/covid-19\/\" rel=\"tag\">COVID-19<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/inquinamento-atmosferico\/\" rel=\"tag\">inquinamento atmosferico<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/particulate-matter\/\" rel=\"tag\">particolato<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/tag\/virus\/\" rel=\"tag\">virus<\/a>, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>AVVERTENZA. GLI ARTICOLI PRESENTI NEL REPOSITORY NON SONO SOTTOPOSTI A PEER REVIEW.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Cite as<\/strong>: Simona Re, Angelo Facchini (2020). Potential effects of airborne particulate matter on spreading, pathophysiology and prognosis of a viral respiratory infection. E&P Repository <a href='https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/688'>https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/688<\/a><button title=\"Copia citazione\" id=\"copyTextCite\"><span class=\"far fa-copy\"><\/span><\/button><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: Default Template -->\n\n\n<div class=\"link-template-default card mb-2\">\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"media stack-xs\">\n            <div class=\"media-body\">\n                <div class=\"media\">\n                    <div class=\"mr-3 img-48\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wpdm_icon\" alt=\"Icona\" src=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/pdf.svg\" onError='this.src=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/unknown.svg\";' \/><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"media-body\">\n                        <h3 class=\"package-title\"><a href='https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/download\/potential-effects-of-airborne-particulate-matter-on-spreading-pathophysiology-and-prognosis-of-a-viral-respiratory-infection\/'>Potential effects of airborne particulate matter on spreading, pathophysiology and prognosis of a viral respiratory infection<\/a><\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"text-muted text-small\"><i class=\"fas fa-file-download\"><\/i> 213 Download <i class=\"fas fa-hdd ml-3\"><\/i> 264 KB<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ml-3 wpdmdl-btn\">\n                <a class='wpdm-download-link btn btn-primary ' rel='nofollow' href='#' onclick=\"location.href='https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/download\/potential-effects-of-airborne-particulate-matter-on-spreading-pathophysiology-and-prognosis-of-a-viral-respiratory-infection\/?wpdmdl=754&refresh=69d0c0b1c0ef01775288497';return false;\">Download<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Info<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Affiliations<\/strong>: <br><sup>1 <\/sup>Climate Media Centre, Milan, Italy<br><sup>2<\/sup> IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Authors&#8217; contributions: <\/strong>&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Competing interests: <\/strong>&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Funding disclosure:  <\/strong>-.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Ethics committee approval: <\/strong> &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Copyright<\/strong>:  Il  detentore del copyright per questa pre-stampa \u00e8 l&#8217;autore\/finanziatore,  che ha concesso a &#8220;E&amp;P Repository&#8221; una licenza per rendere pubblica in forma permanente questo documento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size has-light-gray-background-color\"><strong>References &amp; Citations<\/strong><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=Potential effects of airborne particulate matter on spreading, pathophysiology and prognosis of a viral respiratory infection\" target=\"_blank\">Google Scholar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.repo.epiprev.it\/688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Condividi su Facebook\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/icon_facebook.png\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https:\/\/www.repo.epiprev.it\/688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Condividi su Twitter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/icon_twitter.png\"><\/a><a class=\"icon_whatsapp\" href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/688&amp;attribution=AMPhtml&amp;url=repo.epiprev.it\/688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Invia con WhatsApp\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/icon_whatsapp.png\"><\/a>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientific studies show evidence of a correlation between air pollution levels and respiratory diseases, with a possible increase in the morbidity of respiratory viral infections. However, following the outbreak of Covid-19, the possible effects of the PM (particulate matter) concentrations on the susceptability and pollution-mediated effects are not scientifically demonstrated yet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[28,16,56,27,29],"class_list":["post-688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-covid-19","tag-air","tag-covid-19","tag-inquinamento-atmosferico","tag-particulate-matter","tag-virus"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Potential effects of airborne particulate matter on spreading, pathophysiology and prognosis of a viral respiratory infection - E&amp;P Repository<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.epiprev.it\/index.php\/2020\/04\/02\/potential-effects-of-airborne-particulate-matter-on-spreading-pathophysiology-and-prognosis-of-a-viral-respiratory-infection\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Potential effects of airborne particulate matter on spreading, pathophysiology and prognosis of a viral respiratory infection - E&amp;P Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientific studies show evidence of a correlation between air pollution levels and respiratory diseases, with a possible increase in the morbidity of respiratory viral infections. 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